Understanding SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

What is SSL?

SSL, or Secure Sockets Layer, is a standard security protocol that establishes encrypted links between a web server and a browser. This technology is commonly used to protect sensitive data such as credit card numbers, personal information, and login credentials transferred online.

How Does SSL Work?

SSL works by using a combination of asymmetric and symmetric cryptography. Below is a simplified overview of how an SSL handshake occurs:

1. The client sends a request to the server to establish a secure connection.
2. The server responds with its SSL certificate, which contains its public key.
3. The client verifies the server's certificate with a trusted Certificate Authority (CA).
4. Upon validation, the client generates a symmetric session key, encrypts it with the server's public key, and sends it to the server.
5. The server decrypts the session key with its private key, and both parties use this symmetric key for the session.

Benefits of SSL

• Data Encryption: SSL encrypts internet connections, making data unreadable to hackers.
• Authentication: It confirms the identity of the parties involved, protecting against impersonation.
• Data Integrity: SSL ensures that data sent and received has not been altered or corrupted.
• SEO Benefits: Google promotes secure websites with SSL in search rankings.

SSL vs. TLS

While SSL is a predecessor to TLS (Transport Layer Security), the terms are often used interchangeably. TLS is the modern version of SSL and offers enhanced security features. Here are some key differences: